Use the following rule to form the present perfect tense structure.
Subject + (has, have) + Verb in past participle......... |
The present perfect is used to indicate
An action that happened at an indefinite time in the past
John has traveledaround the world.
An action that happened more than once in the past.
George has seen this movie three times.
An action that began in the past and is still occurring in the present
John has lived in the same house for twenty years. (He still lives there.)
For/Since
Use for + duration of time: for five hours, for thirty years, for ten minutes. Use since + begining time
Yet/Already
The adverbs yet and already are used to indicate that something (hasn't happened) at an unspecified time in the past. These adverbs are often used with the present perfect.
already - affirmative sentences yet- negative sentences and question |
Not: already usually appears between the auxiliary and the main verb; however, it can appear at the beginning or end of the sentence.
Subject + (has, have) + already + verb in pas participle......... |
Subject + (has, have) + not + verb in past participle .....+ yet ....... |
Example of yet and already:
- We have already written our reports
- We haven't written our reports yet.
- Gabriel hasn't already the entire book.
- The president hasn't decided what to do yet.
- Sam has already recorded the results of the experiment.
- Maria hasn't called her parents yet.
Note: Another option with the use of yet is sometimes possible. In this case, the verb is positive and the adverb yet does not appear at the end of the sentences.
Subject + (has, have) + yet + verb in infinitive........... |
- John has yet to learnthe material.
- John hasn't learned the material yet.
- We have yet to decidewhat to do with the money.
- We haven't decidedwhat to do with the money.
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