Friday, February 5, 2016

Past tense sometimes remain unchanged in indirect speech

Rule 1: The past tense changes to the past perfect, but in spoken English it is often left unchanged, provided this can be done without causing confusion about the relative times of the actions.
For example;
Direct- He said, “I loved her”
Indirect – He said he had loved her
Direct – John said, “I went to the library and read a story book.”
Indirect – John said that he went to the library and read a story book.

As otherwise there would be a change of meaning. But

Direct – He said, “Ann arrived on Monday”
Indirect – He said Ann had arrived on Monday.
Rule 2: The past continuous tense in theory changes to the past perfect.
Continuous but in practice usually remains unchanged except when it refers to a competed action.
Direct – She said, “We were thinking of selling the house but we have decided not to.”
Indirect – She said that they had been thinking of selling the house but had decided not to.
Direct – He said, “When I saw them they were playing tennis.”
Indirect – He said that when he saw them they were playing tennis.
Rule 3: In written English past tenses usually do change to past perfect but there are the following exception:
a)   Past/Past continuous tenses in time clauses do not normally change:
Direct – He said, “When we were living in Paris.”
Indirect – He said that when they were living in Paris.
The main verb of such sentences can either remain unchanged or become the past perfect:
Direct- He said, “When we were living/lived in Paris we often saw Paul”
Indirect – He said that when they were living/lived in Paris they often saw/had often seen Paul.
b)   A past tense used to describe a state of affairs which still exist when the speech is reported remains unchanged:
Direct – She said, “I decided not to by the house because it was on main road.”
Indirect- She said that he had decided not to by the house because it was on a main road.

0 comments: